The Giza Pyramid Complex, often referred to as the Giza Necropolis, is located on the Giza Plateau in Greater Cairo, Egypt. This iconic archaeological site includes the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Pyramid of Khafre, the Pyramid of Menkaure, the Great Sphinx, and the surrounding pyramid complexes. These remarkable structures were built during Egypt's Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, dating back to approximately 2600–2500 BC. In addition to the pyramids, the site features ancient cemeteries and the remnants of a workers' village that supported the monumental construction. Positioned at the edge of the Western Desert, the complex lies about 9 kilometers west of the Nile River in the city of Giza and approximately 13 kilometers southwest of downtown Cairo. Together with the nearby ancient capital of Memphis, the area was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.

The Great Sphinx of Giza is the most renowned of its kind. Carved directly from the bedrock during the 4th Dynasty (circa 2613–2494 BC), it is also the oldest known sphinx in Egypt. In ancient Egyptian symbolism, sphinxes portrayed the pharaoh with the body of a lion, serving as a powerful representation of royal strength and authority.

The Egyptian Museum is the oldest archaeological museum in the Middle East and is home to the world’s most extensive collection of Pharaonic artifacts. Its exhibits span a broad timeline, from the Predynastic Period through to the Greco-Roman era. The museum’s architectural design was selected through the first-ever international competition of its kind in 1895, won by French architect Marcel Dourgnon. Officially inaugurated in 1902 by Khedive Abbas Helmy II, the museum has since become a prominent cultural and historical landmark in downtown Cairo, showcasing some of the most extraordinary treasures of ancient Egypt.

Return back to Sharm el Sheikh from Cairo